Western complexes of Hungarian churches of the early eleventh century

The church organisation of Hungary under its first king, Saint Stephen (ruled between 997-1038), resulted in the building of the first monasteries (e.g. Pannonhalma),- cathedrals (e.g. Kalocsa, Veszprém and Pécs) and provostships (e.g. Székesfehérvár). These churches mostly disappeared during the centuries, but their spatial organisation can be partly reconstructed. One of their common features is the complexity of the western parts. On the one hand, various architectural types can be found (western apse with crypt, transversal mass with towers, two-tower façade), but origins of an architectural tradition can also be detected. The main element of this tradition, complementary to former research, is not the westwork, but the presence of two western towers which will be a "leitmotiv" of the later Romanesque architecture in Hungary.