Two-step QCA revisited: the necessity of context conditions

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Abstract (may include machine translation)

The so-called two-step QCA approach as formulated by Schneider and Wagemann (Eur J Polit Res 45(5):751–786, 2006) proposes a separation of conditions into two distinct groups—remote and proximate—and to analyze the impact of these conditions on the outcome in a stepwise manner. While the general logic of the two-step protocol seems to resonate with a broad range of scholars, it, so far, has been only rarely (successfully) applied. This paper argues that this discrepancy between theory and practice is due to the ill-defined nature of the first step. Schneider and Wagemann propose step 1 to be an analysis of inconsistent sufficiency. This has always stood on shaky set-relational grounds. I therefore argue that the first of the two steps in the protocol should be redefined as an analysis of necessity and only step 2 understood as an analysis of sufficiency. While already implicit in its original formulation, this crucial feature of the two-step QCA approach has largely been overlooked. This paper proposes an updated two-step QCA approach that rests on recent innovations in set methods and spells out the advantages of this new protocol.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1109-1126
Number of pages18
JournalQuality and Quantity
Volume53
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - 15 May 2019

Keywords

  • Enhanced standard analysis (ESA)
  • Necessary conditions
  • Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)
  • SUIN conditions
  • Set methods
  • Two-step QCA

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