Stability of Imbalanced Triangles in Gene Regulatory Networks of Cancerous and Normal Cells

Genes communicate with each other through different regulatory effects, which lead to the emergence of complex network structures in cells, and such structures are expected to be different for normal and cancerous cells. To study these differences, we have investigated the Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) of cells as inferred from RNA-sequencing data. The GRN is a signed weighted network corresponding to the inductive or inhibitory interactions. Here we focus on a particular of motifs in the GRN, the triangles, which are imbalanced if the number of negative interactions is odd. By studying the stability of imbalanced triangles in the GRN, we show that the network of cancerous cells has fewer imbalanced triangles compared to normal cells. Moreover, in the normal cells, imbalanced triangles are isolated from the main part of the network, while such motifs are part of the network's giant component in cancerous cells. Our result demonstrates that due to genes' collective behavior the structure of the complex networks is different in cancerous cells from those in normal ones.