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In spite of their diversity, the majority of psychoanalytic schools have historically shared two general assumptions concerning the etiology and analytic treatment of affective self disorders. The first concerns the psychosocial and developmental origins of many affective self pathologies; it is often assumed that the quality of the infant’s early affective experiences with the primary caregiver play an important role in self development and that the patterns of affective attachment interactions between infant and caregiver form the foundation for primary self-object relationship representations. It is also thought that these patterns contribute significantly to the internalization of psychological processes that shape nonadaptive patterns of affective functioning in later life. The second assumption shared by most psychoanalysts is that the mechanisms employed in order to bring about therapeutic change in their treatment of affective …