Growing Perspectives: Modelling Embodied Perspective Taking and Inner Narrative Development Using Large Language Models

  • Sabrina Patania*
  • , Luca Annese
  • , Anna Lambiase
  • , Anita Pellegrini
  • , Tom Foulsham
  • , Azzurra Ruggeri
  • , Silvia Rossi
  • , Silvia Serino
  • , Dimitri Ognibene*
  • *Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Book/Report typesConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract (may include machine translation)

Language and embodied perspective taking are essential for human collaboration, yet few computational models address both simultaneously. This work investigates the PerspAct system [1], which integrates the ReAct (Reason and Act) paradigm with Large Language Models (LLMs) to simulate developmental stages of perspective taking, grounded in Selman's theory [2]. Using an extended director task, we evaluate GPT's ability to generate internal narratives aligned with specified developmental stages, and assess how these influence collaborative performance both qualitatively (action selection) and quantitatively (task efficiency). Results show that GPT reliably produces developmentally-consistent narratives before task execution but often shifts towards more advanced stages during interaction, suggesting that language exchanges help refine internal representations. Higher developmental stages generally enhance collaborative effectiveness, while earlier stages yield more variable outcomes in complex contexts. These findings highlight the potential of integrating embodied perspective taking and language in LLMs to better model developmental dynamics and stress the importance of evaluating internal speech during combined linguistic and embodied tasks.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publication2025 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning, ICDL 2025
PublisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Number of pages6
ISBN (Electronic)9781665470759
DOIs
StatePublished - 2025
Externally publishedYes
Event2025 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning, ICDL 2025 - Prague, Czech Republic
Duration: 16 Sep 202519 Sep 2025

Publication series

NameIEEE International Conference on Development and Learning, ICDL

Conference

Conference2025 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning, ICDL 2025
Country/TerritoryCzech Republic
CityPrague
Period16/09/2519/09/25

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