Abstract (may include machine translation)
Zwei Namen, zwei Persönlichkeiten des öffentlichen Lebens in der Geschichte Ungarns nach 1945 waren in Ungarn eine lange Zeit vollkommen tabuisiert. Die eine, László Rajk, war Minister der ersten ungarischen Nachkriegsregierung und wurde nach einem Schauprozess 1949 des "Titoismus" verurteilt und hingerichtet. Seine Rehabilitierung und sein öffentliches Begräbnis 1956 wurde zur Ouvertüre de Revolution 1956. Die andere lange tabuisierte Persönlichkeit war Imre Nagy, zur Zeit der Revolution 1956 Ministerpräsident des Landes. Er wurde 1958 zum Tode verurteilt; seine feierliche Umbettung aus einem namenlosen Grab in eine würdevolle Grabstätte dreißig Jahre später markiert den Beginn der politischen Wende in Ungarn. Zwei "Begräbnisse", die im kollektiven Bewusstsein symbolische Bedeutung erlangten. Bei beiden Begebenheiten spielten Familienangehörige, genauer gesagt, die Tochter von Imre Nagy und die Frau von László Rajk eine entscheidende Rolle: Ganz genau so wie es uns die griechische Tragödie lehrt, dass es die hergebrachte Aufgabe der Frauen sei, die Angehörigen würdevoll zu bestatten. Die "Witwe" Júlia Rajk begriff beide Machtmänner Ungarns nach 1945 – Mátyás Rákosi und János Kádár –, die ihren jeweiligen Opfern kein Grab gegönnt hatten und so die Erinnerung an die Toten ausgelöscht wissen wollten, nicht nur als persönliche Feinde, sondern auch als politische Gegner, die es zu bekämpfen galt – ganz im Sinne Milan Kunderas, der den Widerstand gegen die kommunistischen Regime als "den Kampf des Menschen angesichts der Macht für die Erinnerung und gegen das Vergessen" beschreibt. Man wird in der ungarischen Geschichte des 20.Jahrhunderts kaum eine zweite Person finden, die mit ähnlicher Ausdauer und gleicher Konsequenz gegen die von oben verordnete Politik des Vergessens gekämpft hat wie Júlia Rajk.
Two names, two public figures in the history of Hungary after 1945 were completely taboo in Hungary for a long time. One, László Rajk, was a minister in Hungary's first post-war government and was convicted of "Titoism" after a show trial in 1949 and executed. His rehabilitation and public funeral in 1956 became the overture of the 1956 revolution. The other long-taboo figure was Imre Nagy, the country's prime minister at the time of the 1956 revolution. He was sentenced to death in 1958; His ceremonial reburial from a nameless grave into a dignified grave thirty years later marked the beginning of the political change in Hungary. Two "funerals" that acquired symbolic meaning in the collective consciousness. In both events, family members, more specifically Imre Nagy's daughter and László Rajk's wife, played a crucial role: just as the Greek tragedy teaches us that it is the traditional task of women to bury their relatives with dignity. The "widow" Júlia Rajk understood both power men in Hungary after 1945 - Mátyás Rákosi and János Kádár - who had not granted their respective victims a grave and thus wanted the memory of the dead to be erased, not only as personal enemies, but also as political opponents , which had to be fought - in the spirit of Milan Kundera, who describes the resistance against the communist regimes as "the fight of man in the face of power for memory and against forgetting". In the Hungarian history of the 20th century you will hardly find another person who fought against the politics of forgetting ordered from above with the same endurance and consistency as Júlia Rajk.
Two names, two public figures in the history of Hungary after 1945 were completely taboo in Hungary for a long time. One, László Rajk, was a minister in Hungary's first post-war government and was convicted of "Titoism" after a show trial in 1949 and executed. His rehabilitation and public funeral in 1956 became the overture of the 1956 revolution. The other long-taboo figure was Imre Nagy, the country's prime minister at the time of the 1956 revolution. He was sentenced to death in 1958; His ceremonial reburial from a nameless grave into a dignified grave thirty years later marked the beginning of the political change in Hungary. Two "funerals" that acquired symbolic meaning in the collective consciousness. In both events, family members, more specifically Imre Nagy's daughter and László Rajk's wife, played a crucial role: just as the Greek tragedy teaches us that it is the traditional task of women to bury their relatives with dignity. The "widow" Júlia Rajk understood both power men in Hungary after 1945 - Mátyás Rákosi and János Kádár - who had not granted their respective victims a grave and thus wanted the memory of the dead to be erased, not only as personal enemies, but also as political opponents , which had to be fought - in the spirit of Milan Kundera, who describes the resistance against the communist regimes as "the fight of man in the face of power for memory and against forgetting". In the Hungarian history of the 20th century you will hardly find another person who fought against the politics of forgetting ordered from above with the same endurance and consistency as Júlia Rajk.
Translated title of the contribution | Gender, politics and Stalinism in Hungary. A biography of Júlia Rajk |
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Original language | German |
Place of Publication | Herne |
Publisher | Gabriele Schäfer Verlag |
ISBN (Print) | 978-3-933337-43-6 |
State | Published - 2007 |