Abstract (may include machine translation)
Negyedszázaddal a rendszerváltozás után és bő évtizeddel az uniós csatlakozást követően Magyarország helyzetét sajátos kettősség jellemzi, amit lényegében minden elemzés és felmérés kimutat. Egyfelől: a kormányzati célkitűzések – a 2008-as válságot megelőző három évtizedtől eltérően – rendre teljesülnek. Igaz ez a mennyiségi előirányzatokra – mindenekelőtt a 3 százalék alatti államháztartási hiányra – éppen úgy, mint a szélesebb, nem is mindig kimondott, de a döntésekből kirajzolódó súlypontokra. Gondolhatunk itt a „centrális erőtér” megerősödésére (a kormányképes alternatíva tartós hiányára), az „új, nemzeti középosztály” – konkrétan a hatalomtól függő vállalkozói réteg – megerősítésére, az IMF kiakolbólítására, az EU-val szembeni „szabadságharc” számtalan toposzára, a média és a kultúra államilag elérhető részterületeinek „kézbevételére”. E közben az ország 2009–2016 közt végig kinn maradt a nemzetközi tőkepiacon, rendre fizetési többlettel zárt, a gazdaság 2013-tól kezdve tartósan növekszik, aminek fontos eleme a kiskereskedelmi forgalom, a lakáspiac, a gépkocsi- kereskedelem és a szolgáltatások, valamint az ipar rendszeres bővülése.
A quarter of a century after the regime change and more than a decade after joining the EU, Hungary's situation is characterised by a particular duality, which is reflected in virtually all analyses and surveys. On the one hand, unlike in the three decades preceding the 2008 crisis, government targets are being met. This is true for the quantitative targets - above all the public deficit below 3 percent - as well as for the broader priorities, not always stated but emerging from the decisions. We can think here of the strengthening of the 'centre of gravity' (the persistent lack of a viable alternative to government), the strengthening of the 'new national middle class' - specifically the entrepreneurial class dependent on power, the untangling of the IMF, the many topos of the 'freedom struggle' against the EU, the 'takeover' of the media and the cultural sectors accessible to the state. In the meantime, the country has remained outside the international capital market from 2009 to 2016, closing with a regular surplus of payments, and the economy has been growing steadily since 2013, with retail sales, housing, cars and services, as well as industry, expanding regularly.
A quarter of a century after the regime change and more than a decade after joining the EU, Hungary's situation is characterised by a particular duality, which is reflected in virtually all analyses and surveys. On the one hand, unlike in the three decades preceding the 2008 crisis, government targets are being met. This is true for the quantitative targets - above all the public deficit below 3 percent - as well as for the broader priorities, not always stated but emerging from the decisions. We can think here of the strengthening of the 'centre of gravity' (the persistent lack of a viable alternative to government), the strengthening of the 'new national middle class' - specifically the entrepreneurial class dependent on power, the untangling of the IMF, the many topos of the 'freedom struggle' against the EU, the 'takeover' of the media and the cultural sectors accessible to the state. In the meantime, the country has remained outside the international capital market from 2009 to 2016, closing with a regular surplus of payments, and the economy has been growing steadily since 2013, with retail sales, housing, cars and services, as well as industry, expanding regularly.
Translated title of the contribution | The Hungarian paradox - reflections on long-term dilemmas |
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Original language | Hungarian |
Pages (from-to) | 496-508 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Educatio |
Volume | 25 |
Issue number | 4 |
State | Published - 2016 |