https://at-ceu.studyguide.timeedit.net/modules/INTR5023?type=CORE"Europe will be forged in crises" - predicted one of the 'founding fathers' of European integration, Jean Monnet. He was most certainly right about the latter: crises aplenty. In the past few years, what many in the scholarly debate call a permacrisis, the European Union has found itself facing Russia and its war against Ukraine, China, and the openly hostile attitude of the United States under President Trump. The changing global order and the chilling of the external environment came at a conjuncture of internal crises: the aftermath of Brexit, anti-EU, nationalist movements and governments in member states, the declining faith of pro-EU elites in the idea of an 'ever closer union', and the persistent developmental gap between core and periphery, and creditor and debtor countries in the Eurozone. The former President of the European Council called these: unprecedented geopolitical and existential threats to the very survival of the EU. While politicians can disappear overnight seemingly changing the landscape, the fundamentals of these crises influencing the course of integration, remain. The course engages with these 'four crises' of the integrative processes in Europe: external, economic, internal, and ideational, and with the scholarly controversies about how to interpret them. In the final part, the course will look at whether these crises lead to further integration as Monnet predicted and will consider recent proposals about how to reshape the EU, and what these possible responses may mean for the global order. The course is designed as a mix of interactive lectures and seminar discussions based on the required readings; it will engage with a wide variety of IR, IPE, and regionalism concepts and will also make use of contemporary sources (articles, speeches, etc.) to link scholarly approaches to interpreting current affairs, empirics to theory. The course equips with a critical understanding of the issues at stake for Europe and its place in the global order; the mechanisms and the crises of the integrative processes; it provides a springboard for the study of other regional organisations and regional regulatory regimes; it highlights some of the dilemmas driving European politics and gives a glimpse into how the 'Bismarckian sausage' is being made.